fstab - static information about the filesystems,这个文件描述系统中各种文件系统的信息,系统在启动时会检查/etc/fstab这个文件。如果这个文件格式错误,启动时会提示你文件系统损坏。这个文件每行包含6个字段,意思分别为:
The first field, (fs_spec), describes the block special device or remote filesystem to be mounted.
第一列:用来指定你要挂载的文件系统的设备名称或块信息,也可以是远程的文件系统
The second field, (fs_file), describes the mount point for the filesystem.
第二列:指定挂载点,你要挂到什么位置
The third field, (fs_vfstype), describes the type of the filesystem.
第三列:指定文件系统的类型
The fourth field, (fs_mntops), describes the mount options associated with the filesystem.
第四列:挂载时option,默认defaults,它包含了rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async选项
The
fifth field, (fs_freq), is used for these filesystems by the dump(8)
command to determine which filesystems need to be dumped.
第五列:dump工具通过这个选项位置上的数字来决定文件系统是否需要备份。如果是0,dump就会被忽略,这个值一般为0
The sixth field, (fs_passno), is used by the fsck(8) program to determine the order in which filesystem checks are done at reboot time.
第六列:fsck命令通过检测该字段来决定文件系统通过什么顺序来扫描检查,根文件系统/对应该字段的值应该为1,其他文件系统应该为2.
今天就碰到这么一个问题,由于之前维护人员把这个文件编辑错误,导致系统启动失败。好在通过维护模式编辑这个文件,修改为正确格式,重启之后可以正常进入。
Give root password for maintenance
(or type Control-D to continue):(Repair filesystem) 1 #
(Repair filesystem) 1 # mount -o remount,rw / (默认是read only,这个命令把/修改为read write)
(Repair filesystem) 1 # vi /etc/fstab:x
(Repair filesystem) 1 # reboot
fstab样本
[oracle@db1 ~]$ cat /etc/fstab#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Mar 10 05:02:51 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_db1-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=41da8ae5-6b87-4506-ac0d-d174738f0aa8 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_db1-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sda3 /oradata ext4 defaults 0 0
[oracle@db1 ~]$ man fstab
FSTAB(5) Linux Programmer's Manual FSTAB(5)
NAME
fstab - static information about the filesystems
SYNOPSIS
#include <fstab.h>
DESCRIPTION
The file fstab contains descriptive information about the various file systems. fstab is only read by programs, and not
written; it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create and maintain this file. Each filesystem is
described on a separate line; fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces. Lines starting with '#' are com-
ments. blank lines are ignored. The order of records in fstab is important because fsck(8), mount(8), and umount(8)
sequentially iterate through fstab doing their thing.
这个文件描述系统中各种文件系统的信息。一般而言,应用程序仅读取这个文件,而不对它进行写操作。对它的维护是系统管理员的工作。在这个文件中,每个文件系统用一行来描述,在每一行中,用空格或TAB符号来分隔各个字段,文件中以#开头的行是注释信息。Fstab文件中的纪录的排序十分重要。因为fsck/mount/umount等程序在做它们的工作时会按此顺序进行。
结论:不论做什么事情,你不了解,不清楚的事情一定不要做,做了一般会是错的,如果做对了也是侥幸